História e memória da profissão de psicólogo no Brasil: Legislações e contexto sócio-histórico (1940-1950) / History and memory of the profession of psychologist in Brazil: Legislation and sociohistorical context (1940-1950)

A formação do psicólogo, sua profissionalização e regulamentação da Psicologia são temáticas recorrentes de pesquisas e discussões, no Brasil. Nessa direção, objetivamos identificar e caracterizar condições do campo científico-profissional da Psicologia que estiveram envolvidas no processo da regulamentação da profissão entre as décadas de 1940 e 1950. Metodologicamente, esta é uma pesquisa na interlocução entre História Social da Psicologia e a História do Tempo Presente. As fontes primárias foram prioritariamente aqueles presentes no Dossiê Legislativo vinculado à proposição da Lei nº 4.119/62. Os resultados indicam a existência de condições típicas das comunidades científico-profissionais (e.g., sociedades, revistas, exercício profissional, etc.) antes da referida regulamentação. Tais condições respondiam ao projeto de "modernização" nacional a partir de aplicações e da formação de "especialistas" em Psicologia. Assim, o que nos parece é que, para que profissão e a formação fossem legisladas, parte das condições necessárias para sua existência já estavam presentes no país.

The training of psychologists, their professionalization and regulation of Psychology are recurrent themes of research and debates in Brazil. Therefore, we aim to identify and characterize conditions in the scientific-professional field of Psychology involved in the process of regulation of the profession between the 1940s and 1950s. Methodologically, this research operates in between Social History of Psychology and History of the Present Time. The primary sources were first and foremost those present inthe Law No. 4,119/62's legislative process. The results indicate the existence of typical conditions of scientific-professional communities (e.g., societies, journals, professional practice, etc.) before the aforementioned regulation. Such conditions werealigned to the national "modernization" project with its applicationsand the training of "specialists" in Psychology. Thus, one would see that, for the profession and training to be legislated, part of the necessary conditions for its existence were already present in the country.

La influencia del modelo Nightingale en la profesionalización de las enfermeras en Brasil: quebra de paradimas / The influence of the Nightingale model on the professionalization of nurses in Brazil: bankruptcy of paradimas

La profesionalización de la enfermería en Brasil estuvo influenciada por el sistema Nightingale, especialmente con la llegada de las enfermeras norteamericanas en 1923. El modelo angloamericano subsidió la apertura de la Escuela Anna Nery y el movimiento de institucionalización continuó con la apertura de las escuelas, con la Escuela de la UFMG, la segunda bajo esta norma (1933). En éstos, es destacable la presencia de estudiantes mujeres blancas, que integraban élites locales, con moral aprobada. Sin embargo, como la realidad de la población brasileña era diversa, hubo una ruptura gradual de algunos paradigmas: la presencia de mujeres negras, religiosas y hombres que apoyaron el curso de profesionalización (AU)

A systematic review of the psychology literature addressing hospital practice.

Hospitals, with their unique practice constraints and opportunities, are one of the most important arenas wherein the field of clinical psychology has developed throughout its history. However, there have been few efforts to comprehensively examine the literature on this topic. This is a literature worth examining, not only out of historical interest but also in the effort to provide direction for the field. Accordingly, systematic, scoping review methods were used to address the question: What does the psychology literature tell us about the nature and evolution of psychology practice in hospitals? The review identified 115 papers on this topic dating from 1916-2017, primarily in the form of practice commentaries and case studies. Analysis of the papers revealed 2 broad themes. One involved the nature of hospital practice, which concentrated on the major domains of assessment, psychotherapy and research activities along with issues related to training. The second involved structural and policy-related considerations such as cost-effectiveness and reimbursement models, leadership, the structure of practice, relationship to physicians, and hospital privileges. Implications of the review include the need for better data on the hospital practices of psychologists and continued work on role definition and the unique value of psychology. Other implications include direction for training models, practice models such as stepped care and a compromise between program and department-based management, privileges, and mental health reform. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Valorização da enfermagem brasileira: analisando aspectos históricos e de gênero / Aluing brazilian nursing: analyzing historical and gender aspects / Valorando la enfermería brasileña: analizando aspectos históricos y de género

Objetivo: Contribuir para a compreensão e reflexão sobre a valorização da enfermagem, perpassando por aspectos históricos e de gênero. Método: Revisão Integrativa. Buscas 2013 - 2018, idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Após seleção refinada 13 artigos foram utilizados na discussão. Resultados: Por ser predominantemente feminina a opressão social tem força esmagadora na concepção de enfermagem. Entender os aspectos aos quais a enfermagem está sujeita, influencia a força da enfermeira para decidir e construir seu futuro profissional e lutar por modificações e valorização. Conclusão: O estudo da história e da influência dos papéis de gênero relacionam-se à opressão social da enfermeira e são imprescindíveis para a formação crítica.(AU)

Objective: To contribute to the understanding and reflection on the valorization of nursing, going through historical and gender aspects. Method: Integrative Review. Searches 2013 - 2018, Portuguese, Spanish and English languages. After refined selection, 13 articles were used in the discussion. Results: Because social oppression is predominantly female, it has an overwhelming force in the concept of nursing. Understanding the aspects that nursing is subject to, influences the strength of the nurse to decide and build her professional future and fight for changes and valorization. Conclusion: The study of history and the influence of gender roles are related to the social oppression of nurses and are essential for critical training.(AU)

Objetivo: Contribuir a la comprensión y reflexión sobre la valorización de la enfermería, pasando por aspectos históricos y de género. Método: revisión integradora. Búsquedas 2013-2018, portugués, español e inglés. Después de una selección refinada, se utilizaron 13 artículos en la discusión. Resultados: Debido a que la opresión social es predominantemente femenina, tiene una fuerza abrumadora en el concepto de enfermería. Comprender los aspectos a los que está sujeta la enfermería influye en la fortaleza de la enfermera para decidir y construir su futuro profesional y luchar por los cambios y la valorización. Conclusión: El estudio de la historia y la influencia de los roles de género están relacionados con la opresión social de las enfermeras y son esenciales para la capacitación crítica.(AU)

Médicos en la Corte española del siglo XIX. Influencias, sociabilidad y práctica profesional / Physicians at the Spanish Court of the Nineteenth Century. Influence, sociability and professional practice

El artículo presenta un primer análisis sobre la asistencia sanitaria en la Corte española durante el siglo XIX. Se hará hincapié en cuestiones como la estructura y organización de dicha asistencia en Palacio, los médicos cortesanos desde una perspectiva de estudio sociológica y el papel y potencial influencia de destacados médicos de cámara. Hombres que, por su cercanía y contacto profesional directo con el Monarca de turno, podían manejarse con una cierta soltura en las redes de poder cortesanas y dentro de las relaciones de sociabilidad del ámbito más exclusivo del Madrid de mediados del siglo XIX: la Corte. En este sentido destacan los casos de Pedro Castelló Ginestá y Tomás del Corral y Oña. Todo ello desde un enfoque interdisciplinar bajo la imbricación de elementos metodológicos procedentes de la historia de la medicina y la nueva historia política

The article presents a first analysis about healthcare in the Spanish Court during the 19th century. Emphasis will be placed on issues such as the structure and organization of such assistance in the Palace, the court doctors from a sociological perspective and the role and potential influence of outstanding chamber doctors. Some men who, for their closeness and direct professional contact with the Monarch, could handle easily in the courtly networks of power and the social relationships in the most exclusive space of mid-19th century Madrid: the Court. In this regard, the illustratives cases of Pedro Castelló Ginestá and Tomás del Corral y Oña stand out. All this from an interdisciplinary approach under the imbrication of methodological elements from the history of medicine and the new political history

Scientific Medical Writing in Practice: the «IMR@D®¼ Format.

INTRODUCTION: The quality of an original scientific paper (OSP) depends on compliance with the principles of scientific medical writing. This review aimed to enlighten the authors on the roles, organization, mistakes to be avoided and recommendations, related to the structure of an OSP. METHODS: Narrative review of the literature regarding the structure adopted when drafting an OSP. RESULTS: The format "IMR@D®" (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and References) is now, and will remain, the guiding structure of the majority of OSPs published in biomedical scientific journals. The "Introduction" section is the answer to the question: what is the problem? It describes the reasoning, the purposes and the objectives of the study and concisely describes the study hypothesis. The "Methods" section is the answer to the question: how did the author try to solve the problem? It specifies the study design, the selection process, the applied procedures, the data collected, and the type of statistical analysis that will be performed to confirm/refute the research hypothesis. The section "Results" is the answer to the interrogation: what have the author found? It presents the descriptive and the analytical data of the study. The "Discussion" section is the answer to the question: what difference does it make? It interpreted the results and compared them with these reported in the literature. The "References" section is the answer to the question: what have the author consulted? It clearly explains what is not based on information derived from the study, and provides means to verify that cited statements have been really recorded in the literature. CONCLUSION: The "IMR@D®" format should make the scientific medical writing more pleasant while increasing the possibility that the OSP is accepted for publication.

[Patentability of an antibody: evolution of rules and practices and prospects]. / Brevetabilité d'un anticorps - Évolution des règles et des pratiques et perspectives.

TITLE: Brevetabilité d'un anticorps - Évolution des règles et des pratiques et perspectives. ABSTRACT: Les anticorps monoclonaux représentent aujourd'hui la classe médicamenteuse la plus importante en termes de ventes mondiales. L'obtention d'une protection par brevet de ces molécules est donc cruciale. Une dynamique active de dépôts de demandes de brevets pour protéger les inventions que ces molécules représentent existe donc autant dans l'industrie que dans le monde de la recherche académique. Cependant, les demandeurs doivent faire face à des difficultés récurrentes pour obtenir des brevets de portée importante et faire valoir leurs droits devant les tribunaux. Les trois critères les plus débattus autour des revendications d'anticorps sont : la suffisance/clarté de l'invention, la nouveauté et l'activité inventive. L'objectif de cet article est donc de faire un état des lieux de la pratique en la matière.

Odontología: una aproximación a su evolución histórica / Dentistry: an approximation to its historic evolution

El presente trabajo se basa en una revisión de la literatura sobre aspectos históricos inherentes a los orígenes de la Odontología como rama de la Medicina, sucesos a través del tiempo que marcaron la evolución hasta lograr su independencia y aquellos hitos que posibilitaron su profesionalización, consolidación y actual estado en el contexto de las Ciencias de la Salud. Asimismo, se analiza el desarrollo de la Odontología en la República Argentina, desde la época del Protomedicato del Río de la Plata hasta la actualidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es brindar un aporte de la historia de la Odontología, propendiendo a su mayor conocimiento, comprensión, divulgación y discusión respecto de problemáticas vinculadas a la ciencia odontológica a través del tiempo, como así también analizar estrategias actuales para superar los nuevos desafíos imperantes (AU)

The present work is based on a review of the literature on historical aspects inherent to the origins of Dentistry as a branch of Medicine, events through time that marked the evolution to achieve its independence and those milestones that made possible its professionalization, consolidation and Current status in the context of Health Sciences. Likewise, the development of Dentistry in the Argentine Republic is analyzed, from the time of the Protomedicato of Río de la Plata to the present day. The objective of this research is to provide a contribution of the history of dentistry, probing its greater knowledge, understanding, disclosure and discussion of issues related to dental science over time, as well as analyzing current strategies to overcome the new prevailing challenges (AU)

Prática pedagógica em educação física para a educação integral em tempo integral / Pedagogical practice in physical education for integral education in full time / Práctica pedagógica en educación física para la educación integral en tiempo completo

Este estudo busca entender o olhar do professor de Educação Física para sua prática pedagó- gica e o desenvolvimento do trabalho docente em uma escola de tempo integral. O objetivo é compreender o lugar da Educação Física nas escolas de educação integral em tempo integral. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da entrevista-narrativa e, em seguida, passamos a uma análise microgenética sob a perspectiva da Teoria Histórico-cultural. Quanto ao tema, compreendemos que a prática do professor está comprometida com a formação integral do aluno e com a qualidade do tempo ampliado na escola. Contudo, entendemos que ainda falta aos sistemas de gestão escolar uma concepção ubíqua da educação integral e da ampliação da jornada diária dos alunos.

This study seeks to understand the perspective of a physical education teacher's about his pedagogical practice and the development of teaching work in a full-time school. The objective is to understand the place of Physical Education in full-time schools of integral education. Data collection was performed through interview-narrative and then we proceed to a microgenetic analysis from the perspective of Historical-Cultural Theory. Regarding the subject, we understand that the teacher's practice is committed to the integral formation of the students and to the quality of the extended time in the school. However, we believe that, still, the school management systems lacks a ubiquitous conception of integral education and the expansion of the students' daily journey.

Este estudio busca entender la mirada del profesor de Educación Física para su práctica pedagógica y el desarrollo del trabajo docente en una escuela de tiempo completo. El objetivo es comprender el lugar de la Educación Física en las escuelas de educación integral en tiempo completo. La recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de entrevista narrativa y luego pasamos a un análisis microgenético bajo la perspectiva de la Teoría Histórico-cultural. Sobre el tema, comprendemos que la práctica del profesor está comprometida con la formación integral del alumno y con la calidad del tiempo ampliado en la escuela. Sin embargo, entendemos que, aún falta a los sistemas de gestión escolar una concepción ubicua de la educación integral y de la ampliación de la jornada diaria de los alumnos.

Horacio Ferrer Díaz, médico, combatiente y escritor matancero / Horacio Ferrer Díaz, physician, fighter and writer from Matanzas

El estudio descriptivo de personalidades de la provincia debe formar parte de un proyecto para enriquecer el conocimiento de todos los profesionales matanceros vinculados con las ciencias médicas y la historia, que a su vez serán los que preparen a los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas para su formación integral. Esta es la razón fundamental por la que seleccionamos al eminente médico Horacio Ferrer Díaz, que en el siglo xix prestigió el terruño. Fue un notable galeno, especializado en oftalmología, quien combinó su desempeño profesional con las actividades revolucionarias en defensa de la independencia de Cuba. Fue inventor de un aparato para estudiar la retina y otro para extraer la catarata al vacío y de una mesa giratoria de reconocimiento única en el mundo. Publicó "La Fonometría antes y después de la operación de catarata", y fue el primero que operó un paciente con desprendimiento de retina en Cuba. Hijo de la tierra unionense, Ferrer Díaz debe ser recordado por siempre por sus aportes médicos y su gran activismo político en las filas mambisas, donde adquiere grados militares, y en contra del gobierno de Machado y la dictadura de Batista después. El recuento de la historia en las guerras independentistas queda plasmado para todos los cubanos en su obra Con el rifle al hombro, escrita en su ancianidad (AU).

The descriptive study of the province's personalities should be a part of a project to enhance the knowledge of all Matanzasan professional related with the medical sciences and the history, who are in their turn the ones who are going to train the medical sciences students for their comprehensive education. That is the main reason of choosing the personality of the eminent doctor Horacio Ferrer Díaz, who gave prestige to our native province. He was a notable physician, specialized in Ophthalmology, who combined his professional performance with the revolutionary activities in defense of the Cuban independence. He was the inventor of a device to study the retina and another to vacuum extract the cataract, and a rotating table of examination that was unique in the world. He published "Photometry before and after the cataract surgery" and was the first one who operated a patient with retinal detachment in Cuba. A son of the region of Union, Ferrer Díaz should be recollected forever because of his medical contributions and his great political activism at the service of the independence fighters against the Spanish colonialism, where he obtained military ranks, and against the government of Gerardo Machado and Batista's dictatorship later. The recount of independent wars was reflected in his work With the rifle on the shoulder, written in his old age (AU).

Horacio Ferrer Díaz, médico, combatiente y escritor matancero / Horacio Ferrer Díaz, physician, fighter and writer from Matanzas

El estudio descriptivo de personalidades de la provincia debe formar parte de un proyecto para enriquecer el conocimiento de todos los profesionales matanceros vinculados con las ciencias médicas y la historia, que a su vez serán los que preparen a los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas para su formación integral. Esta es la razón fundamental por la que seleccionamos al eminente médico Horacio Ferrer Díaz, que en el siglo xix prestigió el terruño. Fue un notable galeno, especializado en oftalmología, quien combinó su desempeño profesional con las actividades revolucionarias en defensa de la independencia de Cuba. Fue inventor de un aparato para estudiar la retina y otro para extraer la catarata al vacío y de una mesa giratoria de reconocimiento única en el mundo. Publicó "La Fonometría antes y después de la operación de catarata", y fue el primero que operó un paciente con desprendimiento de retina en Cuba. Hijo de la tierra unionense, Ferrer Díaz debe ser recordado por siempre por sus aportes médicos y su gran activismo político en las filas mambisas, donde adquiere grados militares, y en contra del gobierno de Machado y la dictadura de Batista después. El recuento de la historia en las guerras independentistas queda plasmado para todos los cubanos en su obra Con el rifle al hombro, escrita en su ancianidad (AU).

The descriptive study of the province's personalities should be a part of a project to enhance the knowledge of all Matanzasan professional related with the medical sciences and the history, who are in their turn the ones who are going to train the medical sciences students for their comprehensive education. That is the main reason of choosing the personality of the eminent doctor Horacio Ferrer Díaz, who gave prestige to our native province. He was a notable physician, specialized in Ophthalmology, who combined his professional performance with the revolutionary activities in defense of the Cuban independence. He was the inventor of a device to study the retina and another to vacuum extract the cataract, and a rotating table of examination that was unique in the world. He published "Photometry before and after the cataract surgery" and was the first one who operated a patient with retinal detachment in Cuba. A son of the region of Union, Ferrer Díaz should be recollected forever because of his medical contributions and his great political activism at the service of the independence fighters against the Spanish colonialism, where he obtained military ranks, and against the government of Gerardo Machado and Batista's dictatorship later. The recount of independent wars was reflected in his work With the rifle on the shoulder, written in his old age (AU).